Egypt's scientists

Egypt's scientists ( the pride of Egypt ) , past and present

Ibn al-Haytham

Although the birth of Ibn al-Haytham in Basra , but he lived in Egypt and most of the old A majority of his books in the city of Cairo . Ibn al-Haytham is considered one of the greatest scholars of the Middle Ages , but one of the greatest scientists in the history of science through the ages . He left from the literature of nearly 160 authors in the various branches of knowledge. The focus of his contributions to the scientific knowledge of light , it has revolutionized the axioms of this science , which was prevalent in his day, and established the science of light in the modern sense .

Ibn Al-Shater

Although the birth of Ibn al-Haytham in Basra , but he lived in Egypt and most of the old A majority of his books in the city of Cairo . Ibn al-Haytham is considered one of the greatest scholars of the Middle Ages , but one of the greatest scientists in the history of science through the ages . He left from the literature of nearly 160 authors in the various branches of knowledge. The focus of his contributions to the scientific knowledge of light , it has revolutionized the axioms of this science , which was prevalent in his day, and established the science of light in the modern sense .

Son worthwhile

The son of geniuses Shater astronomers in the history of humanity , dabble in math but excelled particularly in astronomy . Made the machine to adjust the time for prayer he called " simple ," as he corrects Ptolemy 's theory that the Earth is the center of the universe .

Astronomer Ibn Yunus

Ben lived worthwhile in the ninth century and raised in Basta live , Vgda Taibga Alalaúa was one of the leaders of the military in a time of celebrity Mamluks . He received his education at the hands of a number of well-known scholars of his time . The astronomical research is of supreme importance . And approaching fifty books of his works are still mostly handwritten manuscript was not published yet .

Koum Rishi

Younis was the son of a descendant of the family of a famous scientific . Ibn Yunus has gained a respectable position in each of the Fatimid Caliph Aziz Bellah and his son al-Hakim . He has built his observatory significant ruling on the cliffs of the astronomical researches . His efforts have given him his fame as a scientist astronomical astronomical feat over the ages . It has Ksovan monitoring of the sun and the Ptsgelhma meticulously and in a manner purely scientific . Months Alhakma effects plumb line .

Jamal al-Din al-Mardini

Born Shahabuddin Ahmed Koum Rishi in the eighties of the eighth century Islamic Cairo, in one of the suburbs and parks famous " com feathers " , the corner of red now , and it was men Astronomy celebrity in Egypt in the ninth century , was known in astronomy and Balozaaj astronomical particular .

David ibn Abi statement

Is Jamal al-Din al-Mardini of the most famous astronomers in the eighth century AH , the argument Miqat scientists of his time and has the author of several books , was also a scientist account , it has been known for over the sweetness of his voice.

Mardini tribe

David ibn Abi statement , an Egyptian Jew , was a doctor and a pharmacist , was born in Cairo, has emerged to describe the composition of the drug until it became a pharmacist King fair Ayoubi . The book " Constitution Alpemmarstana " or the Constitution of the hospitals in Egypt , and " Pharmacopoeia vehicle " , known as the " Book Pharmacopoeias " of the most important works in the history of pharmacology in the Middle Ages .

Shahabuddin Qalyoobi

Mohammed is considered the Damascene Shafi'i , from astronomers and mathematicians who are notorious in Egypt during the ninth century , knew Besbt Mardini . It seems that the man influenced his job Kmoukt Mosque of Al-Azhar in the many writings in astronomy and astronomical instruments and arithmetic .

Abdulaziz Wafa'i

Shahabuddin Qalyoobi lived in the century atheist century AH / seventeenth century, and belongs to these scientists known encyclopedic culture in a variety of scientific topics . It was a world astronomer has several books on astronomy , in addition to that was an expert in medicine, in which he has several books .

Ali Radwan

Wafa'i lived in the ninth century , and was running the timer function Mosque Sheikh pro Zewela near the door , was best known as a scientist invented a machine where astronomer known astronomical circle rate.

Kamal al-Din Demeiri

Ali Radwan belongs to the popular origins , was born of a father he was working on the outskirts of Giza Vrana . He studied medicine at an early age and is under fifteen and practiced , also practiced astrology for a living to complete the study of medicine and philosophy . Ibn al-Haytham was a contemporary world famous correspondence between them and was scientific . It entered service in the Caliph al-Hakim headed doctors Egypt in that period

Demeiri attributed to the town Demerah Lower Egypt. He was born in Cairo , was a tailor and even attracted to science , he studied at Al-Azhar Mosque by a group of leading scientists of his time , even turning to take lessons and sermon in the mosque of al-Zahir Baybars . Despite the many books Demeiri in modern jurisprudence , however, that the book " animal life " is the most famous among his works , as it is the first comprehensive reference in zoology in Arabic

Einstein Arabs  Dr. Mustafa supervisor

Ali Mustafa Pasha Supervisor ( July 11, 1898 - Jan 15 1950 ) Egyptian mathematician , was born in Damietta, graduated from the Ecole Normale Superieure in 1917 , and was the first Egyptian to receive a doctorate of science degree from England D.Sc from the University of Nottingham in 1923 , was appointed professor of mathematics at the Ecole Normale Superieure and the sport in the College of Applied Science 1926. Awarded the title of professor from the University of Cairo without a thirty years old . His research has been following the owner of the world Einstein 's theory of relativity , which he described as one of the greatest physicists . Elected in 1936 as Dean of the Faculty of Science, became the first dean of the Egyptian her . Alepeshawih earned the title of King Farouk . Student of his collection of the most famous scholars of Egypt , including
Samira Moussa

His life

His most important works

Born Ali Mustafa supervisor in atheist th of July 1898 in the city of Damietta, and was the eldest son of Mustafa creditable one of the elders of that city and wealthy locals , and proficient in the science of religion affected by the ideas of Jamal al-Afghani , Muhammad Abduh rationality in the understanding of Islam and the fight against heresies and superstitions , and was diligent in debt has Meredon his followers and his doctrine fifth . Received on his studies first at the hands of his father and then at school, " Ahmad Al Ketbi ," and was always one of the first in the study , but his childhood free of all its beauties , where he says about it : ( I've Avni and I am a child in order to be in the foreground, Fajlt my childhood of all joyful . and I learned at that age that playing a waste of time - as his mother used to say - I learned groupers and sleep at the age of entertainment and fun , until you consider running a departure from the grouper ) . It was eleven years old when he lost his father in 1909 , after he lost his fortune in speculation cotton in 1907 and lost his land and his money and even his home , he found himself head of a family destitute composed of mother and sister and three brothers , Vojbarham this situation is to move to Cairo and live in one of the apartments modest in the neighborhood of Abdeen , while he joined the school of Abbasid high school in Alexandria, where he spent years in the department of internal free then moved to the school Saidia in Cairo and free of charge also for excellence school , picking them on the first section of the secondary School Certificate ( efficiency ) in 1912 , and the second section ( baccalaureate ) in 1914 , and ranked second on the whole country with the age of sixteen years , an event unique in the world of education in Egypt at that time . And his family this superiority - especially in scientific subjects - for admission to any high school of his choice , such as medicine or engineering , but preferred to belong to the Teachers College High , where he graduated three years after the first prize , Fajtarth Ministry of Public Education to scientific mission to the UK at their own expense . And began a new phase of his career scientific affiliation in the fall of 1917 to the University of Totnjham English , where he received a bachelor's degree in mathematics in three years instead of four . During ignition the 1919 revolution led by Saad Zaghloul , wrote Mustgy creditable to his friend Mahmoud Fahmi Nuqrashi - a revolution leaders - tell him where his desire to return to Egypt to participate in the revolution , and the answer was Nuqrashi to him: "We need you a world more than we need you flustered , complete your studies and you can Egypt to serve in England universities serve more than in the streets of Egypt. " And has attracted the result of view of his professors who suggested the Egyptian Ministry of Education to pursue an honorable studied science at the University of London , Vaostagib for the request, and he joined in 1920 the Royal College (kings college), and he earned in 1923 a doctorate in the philosophy of science under the supervision of the world famous physicist Charles Thomas Wilson Charles T. Wilson - Nobel Prize for Physics in 1927 - he was elected a member of the evacuated British Royal Society and became a lecturer in, and then as its chairman , was the first foreigner to occupy this position .

His most important

Dr. honorable in his youth
Turn to translate scientific references to Arabic after the study was that he established a section in English translation in college. Encouraged scientific research and the establishment of scientific societies , and he founded the Egyptian Association for Mathematical Sciences , natural and complex Egyptian scientific culture . Also interested in scientific heritage of the Arab stood with his student , Ahmed Mohamed Morsi investigation and publish a book of algebra and the corresponding algorithm .
I love art and was loves playing the violin , and established the Egyptian Society for music enthusiasts to localize global tracks .
The supervisor is one of the few who knew the secret of the fragmentation of corn and one of the scientists who Nahioa used in the manufacture of weapons of war , and did not wish to make the hydrogen bomb ever , which is what actually happened after his death years in the United States and the Soviet Union .
The estimated outstanding research in quantum theories , corn and radiation and mechanics in search of about 15 , has reached drafts of scientific research before his death about 200 draft .
DART research supervisor Dr about its application in quantitative terms are modified to allow finding an explanation for the phenomena of Stark and Zeeman .
It was also the first superintendent Dr Who scientific research about finding a measure of the vacuum ; engineering vacuum where it was based on the theory of " Einstein " is exposed only to the movement of a particle moving in a gravitational field .
He studied the relationship between supervisor matter and radiation , and coined a scientific theory are important in this area .

Death

Dr. superintendent of the faithful of the importance of the role of science in the progress of nations , and that it spread among all sections of the people even if they did not specialize it, so it was his interest in a position to put books summarize and explain the principles of those sciences complex for the average citizen simple , to be able to understand and engage in dialogue , such as any of the other subjects , and was constantly mention it in the introductions to his books , which were explaining complex scientific puzzles simply and clearly understood by all people so even non-specialists . One of the most important written as follows: scientific and theoretical mechanics in 1937Descriptive Geometry 1937Motale'at slang 1943Plane geometry and steric 1944Trigonometry flat in 1944Corn and atomic bombs in 1945Science and Life in 1946Geometry and trigonometry 1947We and science

Samira Moussa

He died on January 15, 1950 , poisoned in mysterious circumstances , and the delegates were told that one of King Farouk was behind his death , as it was also one of the Israeli Mossad .

The Albert Einstein - who was sitting in lectures honorable and continues his research - may Naah when he died, saying : " I do not believe that the supervisor has died , he is still alive through his research ."

It was his disciples Mikhail Fahmi Ibrahim and Mohamed Morsi, Ahmed Attia Ashour and Afaf Sabri and Samira Moss

Ahmad Zaki Akef

First atom scientist dubbed the Egyptian-Arab and Corey Mays on behalf of the East, and is the first demonstrator in the Faculty of Science, Fouad I University ( now Cairo University ) .
Samira Moussa was born in March 3, 1917 , in the village of Snpo Zifta major center of Western Province , where I learned from a young age to read and write , and memorized parts of the Koran , as they were fond of reading newspapers and enjoying a strong memory qualifies them to save the thing once you read it.
After moving with her father to Cairo , I joined the school, " Palace of Desire " primary and then to " School Girls supervision " private secondary , which is built on the foundation and management " of the Prophet Moses" well-known political activist women .
In 1932, a book authored Samira simplify algebra to her colleagues in the study , which is in the first grade secondary , and got first place in a baccalaureate degree at the level of the country of Egypt in 1935 .
I went to university and graduated at the Faculty of Science in 1939 , cum laude with honors , and objected to the university administration to set a lecturer , where it was not yet decided on the appointment of women on the faculty of the university , but Dr. Ali creditable first Egyptian to The Dean of the Faculty of Science insisted on set and threatened to resign from the university if this is not done , assembled the Council of Ministers issued a decree to set in the university.
I got a master's degree from Cairo on the subject entitled " communicate warming gases " par excellence , and then traveled on a mission to Britain studied the nuclear radiation , and got a doctorate in " X-rays and their impact on different materials ," and the duration of the mission three years ago, but was able to get doctorate in less than two years , was the first Arab woman to get this degree, and named it " Miss Korean Egyptian " , and used the remaining period of its mission in the study of corn, can be used for peaceful purposes and treatment.
I got a scholarship to study corn in the United States in 1951 at the University of California , showed Nboga unrivaled in its research , and allowed her to visit plant corn secrecy in the United States , and received offers to get U.S. citizenship , and remain in the United States , but they refused to do so , and confirmed that it will return to Egypt .
Samira Moussa was to participate in public affairs in Egypt , she participated in student demonstrations in 1932 , and participated in the Student Association of the general culture that aimed to literacy in the countryside, and was a member of the Association for the Advancement of Social and Save the Children Association displaced .
Samira Mousa died first Egyptian scientist atom in a mysterious car accident in the United States on August 5, 1952 at the age of 35 years.

1894-1975

Chemical , and founder of the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology in Egypt , and was the first editor of the Journal of the Arab cultural Kuwait .
Ould Ahmed Zaki Mohammed Hussein Akef, who became famous as Ahmad Zaki in the April 5, 1894 in Suez . He attended elementary Suez , and when his father moved to Cairo, he attended school or elementary Abbas , remained out even completed primary school in 1907 , and joined the compromise secondary school , including high school diploma earned in 1911 , and was ranked thirteenth Alqtaralmusry .
Ahmad Zaki joined the upper school teachers , and after graduation worked as a teacher Saidia secondary , and then nominated to travel on a mission to England to complete his education , but he denied them because of Rsoppe in the medical examination .
Work in the field of teaching , a teacher Vachtgl junior high school , a non-government school in the second decade of the twentieth century, the region of the apparent ( district of Cairo ) and then was named superintendent of the school and the Nile Valley secondary door Louk , Cairo.
In 1919 he resigned from his job and went to England at his own expense to seek majored in chemistry , and there he joined the University " and Tnjham " and then left to the University of Liverpool , and succeeded his efforts in that caused the state her mission official , then earned a Bachelor of Science from Liverpool in 1923. , then PhD in chemistry in 1924 , then moved to the University of Manchester to continue scientific research , he spent two years out , and then joined the University of London and received a doctorate degree in science in 1928 .
After returning from England appointed assistant professor of organic chemistry at the Faculty of Science , then a professor in 1930 to be the first professor of Egyptian chemistry , and then served as Director of the Department of Chemistry in 1936 and then founded the National Research Center , in 1947 and was named minister of social affairs in 1952 .
Took over the issuance of the Arab cultural magazine in Kuwait , and chaired for 17 years until he passed away .
Main business:- The establishment of the Egyptian Chemical Society 1938.- The establishment of the complex Egyptian culture Scientific 1929.- The establishment of the National Center for Research 1947.- The establishment of the Kuwaiti Al-Arabi magazine 1958.
Chemical Ahmed Zaki died in Akef 13 October 1975

D. Farouk El-Baz

Egyptian space scientist held various positions in the United States due to his genius was the most important scientific director of the Space Research Centre.
Born in 1938 from the family of a simple case in the village of Tookh pens Sinbillawain villages in the province of Dakahlia.
He earned a BSc (Chemistry Geology) in 1958.
He earned his master's degree in geology in 1961 from the Institute of Mineralogy, Mo. American.
Got honorary membership in an association important (Sigma Xi) in recognition of his master's thesis.
He received his doctorate in 1964, majoring in economic technology.
Occupies d. Farouk El-Baz served as the Director of Space Research in Boston, USA.
Prior to that, as vice president for science and technology at ITEC Foundation for imaging devices in the Enkgeston, Massachusetts.
Since 1973, that he joined the institution in 1982, ITEC, the d. Baz founded and Management Center Earth and Planetary Studies at the National Museum of Air and Space Smithsonian Institute in Washington, capital of the United States of America.
In addition, the work of a scientific adviser to President Sadat between 1978 1981.
Since 1967 to 1972 the work of Baz wet labs in Washington as a supervisor on the planning of studies and exploration of the lunar surface of the moon. During these years, participated in the evaluation program of the National Agency of Air and Space, "NASA" for orbital flights to the moon, in addition to his membership in the scientific groups Altdamah to prepare the flights of Apollo missions on the moon.
He served as secretary of the selection committee vessels landing sites of Apollo program to the moon's surface.
It also was the head of a team of astronauts training in science in general and especially Moon filming.
He served as head of research experiments Balemrakabbat earth from space, photography and in the draft joint space flight of Apollo Soyuz in 1975.
The d. Baz taught geology at Assiut University in Egypt from 1958 1960 and Missouri in America from 1963 to 1964 in Heidelberg, Germany in 1964 from 1965.
In 1966, work in the exploration for oil in the Gulf of Suez, Department of exploration in the company of Pan Am before joining moisten in 1967.
In 1973 he served as cosmic observation and photography project in Apollo-soyuz who made the first American-Soviet mission in July 1975.
In 1986 he joined the University of Boston, in the center of remote sensing using space technology in the fields of geology and geography, has developed a system of remote sensing in the discovery of some Egyptian antiquities.
Wrote d. Baz 12 books, including the Apollo moon above, the desert and the dry land, the Gulf War and the environment, the Atlas satellite images of Kuwait, and participates in the Advisory Board of several international scientific journals. Wrote numerous articles, and has many meetings about the story of his life and reached forty, including "Egyptian star in the sky", "Al-Ahram of the Moon," "peasant boy over the moon", and others.
Elected d. Baz as a member or envoy or head for nearly 40 of the institutes, councils and committees, including his election as an envoy to the Third World Academy of Sciences TWAS in 1985, and became its advisory board in 1997, and a member of the Board of space science and technology, and president of the Foundation to maintain Egyptian antiquities, and a member of the center International Academy of Physics at UNESCO, an envoy of the African Academy of Sciences, Fellow of the Islamic Academy of Sciences in Pakistan, and a founding member of the Arab Academy for Science, Lebanon, and the president of the Society for Research on the Arab desert.
Got d. Baz nearly 31 award, including: Achievement Award Apollo, medal Special Science Award training team from NASA, prize team flag Aalghemriaat, prize team at Project Apollo American Soviet Award Merit First Class of President Anwar Sadat, Award the golden door of the International Institute of Boston, son of the distinguished Dakahlia Governorate, has been named his elementary school in his name, which is within the Board of Trustees of the Geological Society of America, the Egyptian Center for Economic Studies, the Council of US-Egyptian relations. Has established the Geological Society of America's annual award in his name called the "Farouk El-Baz Award for Desert Research".
Of papers d. Baz published scientific to nearly 540 scientific papers, whether carried out by a single or Bmcharkhachrin, and oversees many of the doctoral theses.
Gal d. Farouk world, east and west, and lectured at many universities and research centers, like the scouting trips, and collect rock samples from a young age.   ..